Basic Control Loop DC Motor-Basically, the motor is affected by the size of the motor voltage, current anchors, anchor resistance and magnetic fields. One factor that is often used to set the motor speed is set (created as a variable) the incoming voltage to the motor. It is practical to use because other variables are fixed. Actually, two common problems in thecontrol is how to control direction and speed of the motor.
Easy, to set the pace, we can use the motor input voltage divariabel. Meanwhile, to set the direction of turn can use the manual switch or relay to change the direction of current into a DC motor. Using a mechanical switch provides convenience, but has drawbacks, namely the slow and may not be connected to a controller. Well the other alternative in the control of motor speed and direction of play is to use a transistor. A transistor having a fast response (order of micro seconds) and can also be controlled easily by the controller (microcontroller, for example) or the other. For the motor with the power of the power transistor can be used, such as MOSFET or the other. when a transistor is used, then to regulate the voltage coming into the required motor PWM (Pulse Width Modulation). Now before we learn the PWM further, we first try to use the analog control component - a simple component. The circuit below simulates this by using the Proteus V7.4. To clarify the picture settings, click the thumbnail image in question. 1. Rotary motor speed control using a transistor and potentiometer
- At first, we try first to give a voltage to the motor. Use component "Batt" and "Motor-DC". Change the batt voltage to 12V (DC motor to adjust) and then Run.
- Add potentiometer component "pot-hg" with 200 ohms resistance in front of it to regulate the incoming voltage to the motor.
- note: for this step, the actual series is highly recommended NOT to use because it is not able to provide enough power for motor mendriver. It can be used initially, but in a short time, the components will be hot and directly damaged (I've tried even ampe Hirst, hehe). Because it's just a simulation, try aja boleh2 circuit.
- Well, for repairs, can be added BD139 NPN transistor, diode 4001, vcc and gnd. Oiya, the magnitude of resistance turned into a 10K pot. These pots act as a voltage divider to set the size of the incoming voltage to the base of the microcontroller. For subsequent use, the potentiometer can be replaced using a PWM signal.
- note: in use, the type of transistor depends on the size of the motor to be controlled, especially in terms of current consumption. For the example above, when used in small motors mendrive still ok.
- very simple, to change the direction of DC motor rotate enough added 2 pieces of the switch as follows.
- note: the current into the motor is affected by the position of SW1 and SW2. When SW1 and SW2 in the same state, the motor will not spin as on both the pin has the same polarity (+ all or - all). The motor will only spin when the position of SW1 and SW2 of each other and the direction of rotation will bebalik also reversed when the switch position.
is still manual control, meaning that it takes a human to mengubah2 direction and speed of the motor. Now the question is, What to do with automation? Next, let us learn motor control using PWM in microcontroller facilities. To be continue ..
Basic Control Loop DC Motor
